tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36840063.post4902076156854848575..comments2024-03-27T22:57:00.742+00:00Comments on Hyperlipid: ROS (01) Insulins are ubiquitous in eukaryotesPeterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14527788116058656094noreply@blogger.comBlogger14125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36840063.post-89284794955706595372021-01-22T23:51:06.052+00:002021-01-22T23:51:06.052+00:00Thanks Peter. I expect that since insulin doesnt b...Thanks Peter. I expect that since insulin doesnt bind to ROS directly today, there must have been also insertion of several steps into cascade starting with insulin receptor before / after the reversal of signaling direction. Interestingly, the shape of insulins didnt change in any evolutionary branch after separation from ROS. Martin Siphttps://www.blogger.com/profile/15252664777082872112noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36840063.post-82379336969810712932021-01-22T08:35:26.533+00:002021-01-22T08:35:26.533+00:00PuddleG - does that suggest that selenium intake i...PuddleG - does that suggest that selenium intake is more of a balancing act in its antiviral versus pro-viral tendencies????<br /><br />Sounds like you can't win there. <br /><br /><br />Peter, I also enjoyed the fish in the top right corner of the video. They were obviously very interested in everything you had to say, in a schoolfish kind of way. Just like t'internet really. Passthecreamhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/01214860448492630477noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36840063.post-52071811966617923012021-01-21T22:39:28.540+00:002021-01-21T22:39:28.540+00:00Hello Peter,
What are you tending to eat these da...Hello Peter,<br /><br />What are you tending to eat these days?<br /><br />ThanksChrisErHamhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08220073472094255632noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36840063.post-40700132784292164192021-01-21T21:25:47.930+00:002021-01-21T21:25:47.930+00:00@Puddleg
Interesting - when I saw 'selenocyst...@Puddleg<br /><br />Interesting - when I saw 'selenocysteine' I immediately thought of the iodothyronine deiodinase - There are a bunch of weird exceptions in what happens with selenocysteine.<br /><br />https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4269102/<br /><br />I wonder if it could also rev-up the mitochondria for the viruses? <br /><br />When I was digging into thyroid stuff, a possible narrative is that iodine by itself served the role of thyroid hormone at one time. The system requires selenium for the T4 => T3 step. (people sometimes take selenium supplements which gives a transient increase in conversion. There is a big problem with assigning selenium health effects causation -- thyroid hormones effect every cell of the body - but here they talk about immune system modulation. <br />https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16756467/<br /><br />Selenium is sold as an antiox - but that sort of ignores it's role in enzymes.. <br />(This is a good example of what happens at these high level signalling systems - everything effects everything and produce no end of narratives ))<br /><br />Thyroid effects mitochondria - increases uncoupling - ROS levels - which you can trace back to selenium, but I think what ever is going on is probably to complex for humans to really understand. There are a lot of nested interacting control loops in the thyroid system..karlhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/13490274388549702613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36840063.post-40973451688665486882021-01-21T10:59:18.816+00:002021-01-21T10:59:18.816+00:00thanks Pass!thanks Pass!raphihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08992252569979714724noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36840063.post-15190059613379349092021-01-21T02:12:28.139+00:002021-01-21T02:12:28.139+00:00Raphi, Peter --- Great podcast-interview. Raphi, Peter --- Great podcast-interview. Passthecreamhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/01214860448492630477noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36840063.post-30110903354216467032021-01-21T00:21:26.175+00:002021-01-21T00:21:26.175+00:00This idea of convergent evolution is useful to exp...This idea of convergent evolution is useful to explain the existence of selenium-handling adaptations across a wide and geographically separated range of RNA viruses and other pathogenic microbes.<br />The viral genome lacks the repair mechanisms that exist within eukaryotic nuclei. And it cannot reliably use small molecule antioxidants to protect it the way we can. It is more dependent on antioxidant proteins, and only selenocysteine allows the incorporation of a very effective reducing element onto a protein (the Zn, Cu, Mg, Fe in dismutase and catalase proteins is not held in an amino acid, so cannot be directly coded for in a viral protein).<br />All it takes is a mutation that activates a UGA stop codon and incorporates selenocysteine into a protein with a conformation vaguely matching that of GPx. This mutation will be conserved because its genome will be more resistant to mutation. And further accidental copies of the mutated section will also be conserved.<br />This seems something that could happen many times in different places.<br />Puddleghttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00953398103675945541noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36840063.post-89736223538406823312021-01-20T11:18:46.186+00:002021-01-20T11:18:46.186+00:00Big dynamic range, glutathione.
"found in s...Big dynamic range, glutathione.<br /><br /><br />"found in surprisingly high levels—5 millimolar—concentrations in most cells."<br /><br /><br /><br />"The ratio of GSH to GSSG determines cell redox status of cells. Healthy cells at rest have a GSH/GSSG ratio >100 while the ratio drops to 1 to 10 in cells exposed to oxidant stress. Glutathione is also recognized as a thiol buffer maintaining sulfhydryl groups of many proteins in their reduced form. Glutathione is produced exclusively in the cytosol and actively pumped into mitochondria" <br /><br /><br />From editorial essay at:<br /> https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684116/Passthecreamhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/01214860448492630477noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36840063.post-10045615422701484982021-01-20T06:21:02.334+00:002021-01-20T06:21:02.334+00:00Here's the part of my podcast with Peter where...Here's the part of my podcast with Peter where he talks about this paper and its implications https://youtu.be/GaWAoblGbes?t=3360raphihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08992252569979714724noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36840063.post-42414602105897088742021-01-19T21:29:10.809+00:002021-01-19T21:29:10.809+00:00Thanks Tucker, some interesting links. The concept...Thanks Tucker, some interesting links. The concept that glutathione or (in the Archaea) glutathione-like peptides are crucial to “dealing with” ROS is particularly so.<br /><br />Hi sipak<br /><br />What if you turned that on it’s head and said that small thiol-rich peptides are natural ligands for ROS and sticking four of them together in a crude protein scaffold might just give you insulin. Or plant insulin. Or ciliate insulin. That’s an interesting idea. Putting the -SH moieties in to the correct positions to interact with H2O2 might give you a conserved shape, whichever amino acids you use to do the positioning. Hmmmmm. Reversal of signalling direction would give us something like we see today...<br /><br />Nice one Pass, a good read<br /><br />PeterPeterhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/14527788116058656094noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36840063.post-22005768559305274152021-01-19T08:56:29.125+00:002021-01-19T08:56:29.125+00:00Great links Tucker!
There was this discovery but ...Great links Tucker!<br /><br />There was this discovery but it's old news (pun intended)<br /><br />https://www.nature.com/news/2010/100324/full/news.2010.146.html<br />Passthecreamhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/01214860448492630477noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36840063.post-75894929953147040002021-01-19T00:20:58.332+00:002021-01-19T00:20:58.332+00:00And this!
"Special Issue "Oxidative Str...And this!<br /><br /><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/antioxidants/special_issues/Oxidative_Stress_Archaea#:~:text=Archaea%20have%20deep%20roots%20in,%2C%20UV%20exposure%2C%20and%20hypersalinity." rel="nofollow">"Special Issue "Oxidative Stress Response in Archaea""</a>Tucker Goodrichhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09455436946187786398noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36840063.post-48830758017063621262021-01-19T00:19:08.431+00:002021-01-19T00:19:08.431+00:00I've got to stop pulling on strings!
But you ...I've got to stop pulling on strings!<br /><br />But you might find this an interesting one.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005273609001679" rel="nofollow">"The cardiolipin analogues of Archaea"</a><br /><br />Turns out they find cardiolipin a bit too fragile... Discusses a little bit of archaea energy-production systems.Tucker Goodrichhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09455436946187786398noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36840063.post-65487052461107266092021-01-18T23:58:28.039+00:002021-01-18T23:58:28.039+00:00Interesting. I hope this will be a long series.
Q...Interesting. I hope this will be a long series.<br /><br />Question: Why would convergent evolution need to lend on similar shape? The answer is obvious in case of body shapes (e.g. fish - marine mammals, wings in birds and bats) but seems magical in case of chemical messengers like insulins, where I would expect arbitrary shape. Martin Siphttps://www.blogger.com/profile/15252664777082872112noreply@blogger.com