Peter
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
skip to main |
skip to sidebar
You need to get calories from somewhere, should it be from carbohydrate or fat?
About Me
- Peter
- I am Petro Dobromylskyj, always known as Peter. I'm a vet, trained at the RVC, London University. I was fortunate enough to intercalate a BSc degree in physiology in to my veterinary degree. I was even more fortunate to study under Patrick Wall at UCH, who set me on course to become a veterinary anaesthetist, mostly working on acute pain control. That led to the Certificate then Diploma in Veterinary Anaesthesia and enough publications to allow me to enter the European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia as a de facto founding member. Anaesthesia teaches you a lot. Basic science is combined with the occasional need to act rapidly. Wrong decisions can reward you with catastrophe in seconds. Thinking is mandatory. I stumbled on to nutrition completely by accident. Once you have been taught to think, it's hard to stop. I think about lots of things. These are some of them.
Organisation (or lack of it)!
The "labels" function on this blog has been used to function as an index and I've tended to group similar subjects together by using labels starting with identical text. If they're numbered within a similar label, start with (1). The archive is predominantly to show the posts I've put up in the last month, if people want to keep track of recent goings on. I might change it to the previous week if I ever get to time to put up enough posts in a week to justify it. That seems to be the best I can do within the limits of this blogging software!
Blog Archive
Labels
- !Kung Bushmen and mongongo nuts again (1)
- !Kung Bushmen and mongongo nuts yet again (1)
- A aargh BROKEN LINKS (1)
- A bit more on ketones and diabetic nephropathy (1)
- A brief aside in to statins and FH and all cause mortality (1)
- A brief discussion of ketosis (1)
- A defect of fat metabolism and a few thanks (1)
- A glimmer of light (1)
- A heads up (1)
- A little more on PCSK9 inhibitors (1)
- A load of crap in Gartnavel (1)
- A Peek at Paleo (1)
- A post not about Walter Kempner (1)
- A tale of two abstracts (1)
- A wander off in to dietary protein calories (1)
- ACCORD and musings on insulin (1)
- Acetoacetate and arterial oxygen tension (1)
- Acetone to oxaloacetate (1)
- Acipimox (2) and weight gain (1)
- Acipimox and insulin (1)
- Acipimox and insulin action (1)
- Adipose triglyceride lipase knockout mice (1)
- Adipotide and the Bad Fat (1)
- Adrian Ballinger on Everest (1)
- AGE RAGE and ALE (1): The AGE of LDL (1)
- AGE RAGE and ALE (2): The ALE of LDL (1)
- AGE RAGE and ALE (3): oxLDL (1)
- AGE RAGE and ALE (4): segregation (1)
- AGE RAGE and ALE (5): fasting (1)
- AGE RAGE and ALE (6): low fat (1)
- AGE RAGE and ALE (7): VLDL degradation (1)
- AGE RAGE and ALE (8): VLDL degradation and Krauss (1)
- AGE RAGE and ALE (9): VLDL degradation and Fish Oil (1)
- AGE RAGE and ALE posts (10): small dense Krauss (1)
- AGE RAGE and ALE posts (11): linoleic acid (1)
- AHA approved egg! (1)
- Alcohol and fructose are the same to your liver (1)
- Alcohol and weight loss (1)
- Alzheimer's (1)
- Alzheimers and ketones (1)
- Alzheimers and omega 6s (1)
- Alzheimers and Tau proteins (1) (1)
- Alzheimers and Tau proteins (2) (1)
- Amgen share price and PCSK9 inhibition with Repatha (1)
- Amgen share price and PCSK9 inhibition with Repatha (2) (1)
- an aside (1)
- An aside on psychiatric links from Sid Dishes (1)
- An embarrassment of cress (1)
- An Error (1)
- An exchange of half bricks (1)
- Anacetrapib and phytotoxins (1)
- Anger vs diet in Japan (1)
- Animal fat and cholesterol (1)
- ARDS and linoleic acid (1)
- ARDS and Tucker Goodrich (1)
- ARDS isoprostanes and isofurans (1)
- Are COVID-19 vaccines useful? (1)
- Are COVID-19 vaccines useful? (2) (1)
- Are COVID-19 vaccines useful? (3) (1)
- Are humans just multicellular yeasts? (1)
- Are ketone esters dangerous? (1)
- Are you lino-philic? (2) (1)
- Are you on clenbuterol? (3) (1)
- Are you trans-phobic? (1) (1)
- Arteriosclerosis (1) in 1957 (1)
- Arteriosclerosis (2) and sulphation factor (1)
- Arteriosclerosis (3) and von Willebrand Disease (1)
- Arteriosclerosis (4) GAG and sudden death (1)
- Arteriosclerosis (5) GAG and sudden death part two; the pictures (1)
- Arteriosclerosis (6) and Subbotin (1)
- Arteriosclerosis and saturated fat (1)
- Arteriosclerosis and the breeder rat (1)
- Arteriosclerosis images (2): Models (1)
- Athletic acid reflux (1)
- Atrial tachycardia and fibrillation (1)
- Axen and Axen (1) (1)
- Axen and Axen (2) (1)
- Axen and Axen (3) Hawks (1)
- Axen and Axen (4) Ketogenic insulin resistance. It's all over now... (1)
- Axen and Axen (5) The tradition continues (1)
- Back on line (2)
- Back to a semblance of normality: A couple of conversations (1)
- BAM15 and semaglutide are not insulin sensitising (1)
- Barja (1)
- Best ever statin study comment? (1)
- Best ever statin study? (1)
- Beta oxidation intermediates control ETC function (1)
- Blood "energy" content (1)
- Bob Michell on meta-analysis (1)
- Boiled mashed potatoes for miracle weight loss? (1)
- Boxes (1)
- Brain on a statin (1)
- Brain on chocolate (1)
- Brand insights (1)
- Brand on 4-HNE facilitated uncoupling (1)
- Breast cancer and starch (1)
- Breast cancer BRCA1 and metabolic syndrome (1)
- butter and leptin receptors: Speculation! (1)
- Butter gives you fatty liver! Again. (1)
- Butter insulin and Dr Davis (1)
- Butter vs peanut butter (1)
- Can linoleic acid keep you slim? (1)
- Cancer and ketones (1)
- Cardiac ischaemia and low carbohydrate diets (1)
- Casein and gluten and gastric pH (1)
- Casein vs gluten (1)
- Cat rawfeeding; scroll down the comments (1)
- Cell surface oxygen consumption (1) (1)
- Cell surface oxygen consumption (2) (1)
- Cell surface oxygen consumption (3) (1)
- Cell surface oxygen consumption (4) Influenza (1)
- Chicken fillets are not meat. If you're a cat. (1)
- Cholesterol (the HDL sort) kills? (1)
- Cholesterol and Carruthers (1)
- Cholesterol and cholestyramine (1)
- Cholesterol and heart attack survival (1)
- Cholesterol and innate immunity (1)
- Cholesterol and memory (1)
- Cholesterol and Son of J-LIT (1)
- Cholesterol and the J-LIT study (1)
- Cholesterol and the J-LIT update (1)
- Cholesterol fed rabbit (1)
- Cholesterol heart attacks and JUPITER (1)
- Cholesterol hypothesis in 2010 (1)
- Cholesterol hypothesis in 2010 part 2 (1)
- Cholesterol JUPITER link (1)
- Cholesterol Milano style (1)
- Cholesterol pacitimbe and ACAT (1)
- Cholesterol presentation: Between countries (1)
- Cholesterol ratios through the looking glass (1)
- Cholesterol ratios: Torcetrapib again (1)
- Cholesterol reflectivity at 400nm (1)
- Cholesterol within nations studies (1)
- Cholesterol; it's not a competition (1)
- Cholesterol; MESA and EBCT (1)
- Cholesterol; statins kill? (1)
- Cholesterol: ASTEROID destroys lipid hypothesis (1)
- Cholesterol: Do chylomicrons clog your arteries? (1)
- Cholesterol: Do chylomicrons clog your arteries? (2) (1)
- Cholesterol: LCAT and rabbits (1)
- Cholesterol: LDL in Oslo (1)
- Cholesterol: More epidemiology (1)
- Cholesterol: Near miss in Edinburgh (1)
- Cholesterol: Peto seeing some light? (1)
- Cholesterol: statins and oxLDL (1)
- Choose your insulin sensitivity well (1)
- Cirrhosis and corn oil (1)
- Cirrhosis and fish oil (1)
- Cirrhosis and fructose (1)
- Clofibrate and PUFA (1)
- Coconut oil and obesity (1)
- Coconuts and Cornstarch in the Arctic? (1)
- Coffee (1)
- Colorectal cancer and cholesterol (1)
- Colorectal cancer; fiber and the PPT (1)
- Complex I: Hoffer and B3 (1)
- Complex IV and control of delta psi (1)
- Conditioning Research on bad carbs (1)
- Confirmation Bias in my head (1)
- Confirmation bias is not just in my head (1)
- Confirmation bias is so nice (1)
- Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Scleroderma (1)
- Coronavirus is possibly everywhere (1)
- Costa del Glasgow (1)
- Covid playground (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CPT1aL479 resurfaces nicely (1)
- Crabtree and cardiovascular surgery (1)
- Credo (1)
- Cynthia Kenyon link (1)
- Dave Asprey and Dr Veech (1)
- David Blaine and refeeding syndrome (1)
- Dead people DO bleed... (1)
- Death by dogma (1)
- Delta psi and insulin and ROS (1)
- Delta psi and ROS (1)
- Denmark purchased using Flora profits? (1)
- Deuterium protected linoleic acid (1)
- DHA in rats (1)
- Diabetes and cardiac apotosis (1)
- Diabetes and hunger (1)
- Diabetes in Sweden (1)
- Diabetes in Sweden update (1)
- Diabetes; endothelial damage (1)
- Diabetic and hungry? (1)
- Diabetic nephropathy and the lost Swede (1)
- Diagnosing and Treating Vitamin B12 Deficiency Video (1)
- Do you believe in MRI scanners? (1)
- Dodgy D'Anci (1)
- Double Bond Index and longevity in humans (1)
- Dr Davis links (1)
- Dr Doug Wallace on mitochondria (1)
- Dr Ravnskov on statins for primary prevention of CVD (1)
- Dr Uffe Ravnskov MD PhD interview (1)
- Dr Wolfgang Lutz Obituary (1)
- Dunnigan Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (1)
- Earning a crust (1)
- Easiyo (1)
- Eat as much starch as you wish (1)
- Eating lots of meat and nothing much else (1)
- EBCT scan (1)
- EFA deficiencies? (1)
- Eggs are here (1)
- Eggs in Ontario (1)
- Electrochemistry (1)
- Electrochemistry (2) Superoxide (1)
- Electron Transport Chain image (1)
- Endocannabinoids in brain and adipocytes (1)
- Endotoxin Absorption on a High Fat Diet (1)
- Endurance and oxygen flux during fatty acid oxidation (1)
- Energy expenditure in obese vs slim non dieters (1)
- EPIC HbA1c and heart attacks (1)
- Essential fatty acids are essential (1)
- Excession (1)
- Faking it with selenium (1)
- Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (1)
- Familial Hypercholesterolaemia and glucose (1)
- Familial Hypercholesterolaemia and porcelain (1)
- Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Brown and Goldstein (1)
- Familial Hypercholesterolaemia heterozygous survival (1)
- Fancy some serology? (1)
- Fancy some serology? (2) (1)
- Fancy some serology? (3) In Japan (1)
- Fasting insulin and weight loss (1)
- Fasting insulin and weight loss and calories-in vs calories-out (1)
- Fasting insulin and weight loss on a water fast (1)
- Fat storage and retrieval (1)
- Fathead Supersize Me and Sweden (1)
- Fathead Supersize Me and Sweden (2) (1)
- Fats and absorbing endotoxin (1)
- Feeling experimental? (1)
- FFA vs 4-HNE for activating uncoupling (1)
- Fiaf (1) Who's fat is it anyway? (1)
- Fiaf (2) starving amidst plenty (1)
- Fiaf (3) where next? (1)
- Fiaf (4) memes and fat (1)
- Fiaf (5) Meme Watching (1)
- Fiber inulin and cancer (1)
- Fiber sucrose and ulcers (1)
- FIP vaccines etc (1)
- FIRKO mice (1)
- FIRKO-isation without all the hassle? (1)
- FIRKO-ise (1)
- First meat (1)
- Flow Mediated Dilation: What does it mean? (1)
- Foie Gras (1) Peroxisomes (1)
- Foie Gras (10) Liver (1)
- Foie Gras (11) Hepatocyte mitochondria (1)
- Foie Gras (2) Lard fed rats (1)
- Foie Gras (3) carbohydrate (1)
- Foie Gras (4) RER (1)
- Foie Gras (5) An aside on how to stay slim (1)
- Foie Gras (6) inflammatory mRNAs (1)
- Foie Gras (7) What do you mean by inflammation? (1)
- Foie Gras (8) Vaughan's macrophages (1)
- Foie gras (9) Adipocyte ROS (1)
- Foie gras from safflower oil hiatus (1)
- Folate and homocysteine (1)
- Follow on to Tucker's post on PUFA in rats (1)
- Food fermented cream (1)
- Food; carnitas (1)
- Food; chicken salsa (1)
- Food; Mutton followed by cheesecake (1)
- Food; sausages (1)
- Food; steak and kidney casserole (1)
- Food: African Beef Stew (1)
- Food: Burgers (1)
- Food: Lardo; the real thing (1)
- Food: Liver and bacon (1)
- Food: Liver; can you over do it? (1)
- Food: Mutton or lamb in orange sauce (1)
- Food: Offal (1)
- Food: Optimal ice cream (1)
- Food: Pork in green salsa and random dessert (1)
- Food: Recipe group (1)
- Food: steak and kidney casserole (1)
- French paradox in Sweden (1)
- From Yeasts to Chloroquine (1)
- Fructose (01) There's a signal (1)
- Fructose (02) Obesogen (1)
- Fructose (03) NOX vs RET (1)
- Fructose (04) Normal Adults (1)
- Fructose (05) Four out of five diabetics (1)
- Fructose (06) Acipimox tangent (1)
- Fructose (07) Acipimox tangent II (1)
- Fructose (08) Acipimox and FFAs (1)
- Fructose (09) The Surwit hepatocyte (1)
- Fructose (10) A can of cola (1)
- Fructose and gout (1) (1)
- Fructose and gout (2) (1)
- Fructose and heart attacks (1)
- Fructose and lactic acid in Naked Mole Rats (1)
- Fructose and leptin (1)
- Fructose and lipolysis (1)
- Fructose and metabolic syndrome: Uric acid (1)
- Fructose and triglycerides (1)
- Fructose Glucose and Cholesterol (1)
- Fruit and vegetables (1) cause DNA damage (1)
- Fruit and vegetables (1) re post (1)
- Fruit and vegetables (10) WHI and cancer (1)
- Fruit and vegetables (11) link (1)
- Fruit and vegetables (12) WHEL and CVD (1)
- Fruit and vegetables (13) become eggs (1)
- Fruit and vegetables (14) Listeriosis is no fun (1)
- Fruit and vegetables (2) damage your DNA... latest study headline (1)
- Fruit and vegetables (3) last post (almost) (1)
- Fruit and vegetables (4) The asterisk (1)
- Fruit and vegetables (5) in Holland (1)
- Fruit and vegetables (6) WHEL study (1)
- Fruit and Vegetables (7) Mediterranean France (1)
- Fruit and vegetables (8) WHEL study and McDougall (1)
- Fruit and vegetables (9) potato fruits (1)
- Fruit Flies and NDI1 (1)
- FSA apple (1)
- FSA in Glasgow (1)
- Full blown linoleic acid deficiency: speculation (1)
- Getting fat (1) staying fat (1)
- Getting fat (2) staying fat; follow on (1)
- Getting fat (3) is good (1)
- Getting fat (4) is bad when you stop (1)
- Getting fat (5) Hunger (1)
- Getting fat is good (6) Official (1)
- GLP-1 agonists (1)
- Glucosamine and aged mice (1)
- Glucose as a cure for hypertriglyceridaemia? (1)
- Glucose from fatty acids: RQ of 0.454 (1)
- Glucose lactate and cancer (1)
- Gluten and cardiomyopathy (1)
- Gluten and gall bladders (1)
- Gluten and NK cells (forget the antibodies) (1)
- Gluten and rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- Gluten and schizophrenia SPECT scan (1)
- Gluten ataxia (1)
- Gluten coeliac and multiple sclerosis (1)
- Gluten Dr Briffa link (1)
- Gluten links from Bloggeier (1)
- Gluten poppy pictures (1)
- Gluten-Congratulations: You have coeliac disease (1)
- Gluten; thyroid and auto immunity (1)
- Gluten: Does coeliac disease require an infection? (1)
- Gluten: Not your average plant toxin? (1)
- Gluten: The NICE guidelines for UK diagnosis (1)
- Glycaemic load and breast cancer (1)
- Gourmand Rats? (1)
- Great Barrington Declaration (1)
- Great Barrington Declaration (2) (1)
- Green Tea Extract; superb antioxidant? (1)
- GSD IIIa ketones MAD and Veech again (1)
- GSD type I vs GSD type III: Cornstarch vs ketones (1)
- Guddling in the dark (1)
- Guddling in the dark for a respiratory quotient (2) (1)
- Guess the weight of the mouse competition (1)
- Gwyneth Paltrow has osteopaenia (1)
- Hall and CICO again (1)
- Hall and CICO part 2 (1)
- Hall and CICO part 3 (1)
- Have you thought about electron transporting flavoprotein dehydrogenase and its substrate electron transporting flavoprotein? (1)
- Hazel eats butter (1)
- HbA1c and Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (1)
- HbA1c: Crack vs smack for a lower reading? (1)
- HbA1c: Low glucose and acid (palmitic) (1)
- Heart failure and insulin resistance (1)
- Helicobacter and glucose (1)
- Helicobacter and hydrogen (1)
- Hepatic extraction of fructose (1)
- Hepatic insulin resistance (1)
- Hepatic insulin resistance in KD fed mice (1)
- Hepatic insulin resistance through caloric overload (1)
- Here we go in to Lockdown 2 (1)
- Heroin and IBS (1)
- High fat diet and fertility (1)
- High fat diets make you fat and stupid (1) (1)
- High fat diets make you fat and stupid (2) (1)
- High fat Dutch style (1)
- High fat fed mice on stearic acid (1)
- High fat meal is analgesic (1)
- HLA-B27 and Ebringer (1)
- HLA-B27 and Ebringer BSE text (1)
- HLA-B27 and Ebringer speech text (1)
- HLA-B27 some more (1)
- Holiday reading (1)
- How can insulin resistance cause weight gain? (1) ALDH2 (1)
- How can insulin resistance cause weight gain? (2) 0.1 μM (1)
- How can insulin resistance cause weight gain? (3) AD-9308 (1)
- How can insulin resistance cause weight gain? (4) amplification (1)
- How can insulin resistance cause weight gain? (5) MCTs (1)
- How incomplete was LUCA? (1)
- HOW MANY bananas a day? (1)
- How many eggs per day? (1)
- How much linoleic acid to get fat and insulin resistant? (1)
- How toxic is wheat? (1)
- How's it going (1)
- Hunting gathering and starving (1)
- Hyperglycaemia and free radicals (1)
- Hyperglycaemia is bad (1)
- Hyperlipid Protons ambassadors (1)
- I'm back (1)
- If there were time... (1)
- IgG IgA and sniffing a virus (1)
- IgG IgA and sniffing a virus which stinks (1)
- IHD and ghee (1)
- IHD single vessel disease (1)
- IHD Tracking plaque 1950s style (1)
- Impaired glucose tolerance in low-carbohydrate diet: maybe only a physiological state (1)
- In the gym (1)
- Inhibiting lipolysis using acipimox (1)
- Insulin and confusion (1)
- Insulin and the Rewards of overfeeding (1)
- Insulin detemir (1) (1)
- Insulin detemir (2) (1)
- Insulin detemir (3) (1)
- Insulin glucagon and protein (1)
- Insulin in the brain: Hyperphagia? (1)
- Insulin in the brain: off topic giggle (1)
- Insulin increases coupling in mitochondria (1)
- Insulin makes you hungry (1) (1)
- Insulin makes you hungry (10) Processing (1)
- Insulin makes you hungry (2) even in the presence of hyperglycaemia (1)
- Insulin makes you hungry (3) a matter of semantics and free fatty acids (1)
- Insulin makes you hungry (4) unless you keep it out of your brain (1)
- Insulin makes you hungry (5) except when you resist (1)
- Insulin makes you hungry (6) except when you snort it (1)
- Insulin makes you hungry (7) superoxide is satiety (1)
- Insulin makes you hungry (8) Blokes (1)
- Insulin makes you hungry (9) Women (1)
- Insulin mimesis and NOX enzymes (1) A principle (1)
- Insulin mimesis and NOX enzymes (2) Lactate (1)
- Insulin mimesis and NOX enzymes (3) MCT (1)
- Insulin mimesis without NOX enzymes (4) MCT (1)
- Insulin mimesis without NOX enzymes (5) MCT plus linoleic acid (1)
- Insulin mimesis without NOX enzymes (6) MCT versus linoleic acid (1)
- Insulin sensitivity makes you fat (1)
- Insulin sensitivity makes you fat: growth hormone receptor deletion (1)
- Insulin sensitivity makes you fat. Insulin resistance makes you fat. Discuss. (1)
- Insulin sensitivity makes you fat. Insulin resistance makes you fat. Discuss. (02) (1)
- Insulin sensitivity makes you fat. Insulin resistance makes you fat. Discuss. (03) Visceral vs subcutaneous (1)
- Insulin sensitivity makes you fat. Insulin resistance makes you fat. Discuss. (04) M scores (1)
- Insulin; the Un-dead and coffin nails (1)
- Insulin: Are you hungry? (1)
- Insulin: Are you hungry? Part 2 (1)
- Insulin: The Flatline Days (1)
- Intellectual honesty vs obfuscation (1)
- Interesting times on Mars (1)
- Intimal wall volume reductions with weight loss (1)
- Is the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle finished? (1)
- Is vaccine efficacy a statistical illusion? (1)
- It's never too late to normalise your glucose (so long as you are still alive) (1)
- Jan Kwasniewski comment (1)
- Japan and a Seven Countries Study follow on (1)
- Jay Bhattacharya in conversation with Lord Sumption (1)
- Jebb VS Nutt (1)
- Jimmy Moore on Dr Weil (1)
- John Hawks on Paleo in NY (1)
- Junk Food binge (1)
- Just a heads-up (1)
- Just a little on complex I and models (1)
- Just an announcement (1)
- Just an update (1)
- Kebabs (1)
- Ketoacidotic death in lactation! (1)
- Ketogenic Diet: Eat Food (1)
- Ketogenic diets are unhelpful and dangerous for managing mitochondrial diseases. Maybe (2) (1)
- Ketogenic diets are unhelpful and dangerous for managing mitochondrial diseases. Maybe. (1)
- Ketogenic vs moderate carbohydrate diets (1)
- Ketones for ALS? (1)
- Ketones in Tehran (1)
- Ketones without the side order of Danish Pastry please (1)
- Ketones: Should idiots be allowed to write the methods section of any "scientific" paper? (1)
- Ketosis and Protein (1)
- Ketosis links (1)
- Kitava: uric acid (1)
- Kwasniewski and cancer (1)
- Kwasniewski paper (1)
- Kwasniewski; praise the lard (1)
- Lactate as bulk energy transport (1)
- Lard makes hungry mice live longest (1)
- Latest obesity paradox (1)
- Let them eat fat: Ron Rosenbaum (1)
- Life (01) Random musings on carbon monoxide (1)
- Life (02) Polyprenyl derivatives at the origin of life (1)
- Life (03) ATP synthase (1)
- Life (04) On the bench top (1)
- Life (05) Why sodium ions? (1)
- Life (06) What's wrong with sodium ions? (1)
- Life (07) Two timelines (1)
- Life (08) Proto-Ech (1)
- Life (09) Ech (1)
- Life (10) Methyltransferase in methanogens (1)
- Life (11) Ferredoxin (1)
- Life (12) Loki and its membrane potential (1)
- Life (13) Skulachev in 1978 (1)
- Life (14) From Skulachev to LUCA (1)
- Life (15) Skulachev addendum (1)
- Life (16) Mulkidjanian: Na+ pump or Na+/H+ antiporter? (1)
- Life (17) Nick Lane on Proto-Ech (1)
- Life (18) Why stop at formaldehyde? (1)
- Life (19) Metallic iron and the origin of metabolism (1)
- Life (20) How primordial is oxidative phosphorylation? (1)
- Life (21) Pyrococcus furiosus (1)
- Life (22) FeNi hydrogenase (1)
- Life (23) Antiporting: Choose your ion well (1)
- Life (24) Porting over CCCP (1)
- Life (25) Left or right hand? (1)
- Life (26) MrpA MrpD NuoL NuoM and NuoN. Plus nt-Nha. (1)
- Life (27) Alphabet soup (1)
- Life (28) Proton Billiards (1)
- Life (29) Applied billiards to MRP and MBH (1)
- Life (30) Guesses about Na+ channels (1)
- Life (31) Chinese whispers (1)
- Life (32) On the correct side of the fence (1)
- Life (33) Transient hunger (1)
- Life (34) Complex I pumping (1)
- Life (35) NiFe pumping (1)
- Life (36) Complex I. Protons are large (1)
- Life (37) Just a gif of complex I (1)
- Life (38) Water Wires (1)
- Life (39) NuoH (1)
- Life (40) Proton pumping (1)
- Linoleic acid and Tuberous Sclerosis (1)
- Linoleic acid makes you hungry (1)
- Linoleic acid panel discussion (1)
- Lipid blockage (1)
- Lipoprotein(a) a prickly subject (1)
- Lipoprotein(a) and ascorbate (1)
- Lipoprotein(a) and DELTA (1)
- Lipoprotein(a) and genetics (1)
- Lipoprotein(a) and oxidised cholesterol (1)
- Lipoprotein(a) and oxidised lipids: What's your mimium requirement? (1)
- Lipoprotein(a) and the Fairies at the bottom of my garden (1)
- Lipoprotein(a) and tissue transglutaminase (1)
- Lipoprotein(a) Bantu recap (1)
- Lipoprotein(a) Bantu recap 2 (1)
- Lipoprotein(a) genetics press release (1)
- Lipoprotein(a) is oxidised (1)
- Lipoprotein(a) Oxford abstract (1)
- Lipoprotein(a); Bantu Lp(a) and Swedish Lp(a) (1)
- Lipoprotein(a): 7-ketocholesterol and cancer (1)
- LIRKO mice (1) (1)
- LIRKO mice (2) (1)
- LIRKO mice (3) The MCQ (1)
- live humans. They're just like mice! (1)
- Liver and insulin (not a cooking recipe...) (1)
- Liver and onions at 100 after Keep Fit (1)
- Living on Kitava (1)
- Lockdowns Summit (1)
- Long time no post (1)
- Look after your lysosomes (1)
- Look after your lysosomes: Hydroxychloroquine (1)
- Looking in to the future of Low Energy Diets (1)
- Losing the plot (1)
- Low carbohydrate high protein and ApoE-/- mice (1)
- Low carbohydrate high protein and ApoE-/- mice (2) (1)
- Low fat and FMD (1)
- Low fat moods (1)
- Low fat vs low carb again (1)
- Low fat vs low carb again (2) (1)
- Macrobiosis (1)
- Maintaining muscle function in to old age (1)
- Maria Thommessen (1)
- Maternal Diet Affects Offspring Preferences (1)
- Meet the researchers with the PKCζ deletion (1)
- Metabolism nuts and bolts (1)
- Metabolism nuts and bolts PUFA (1)
- Metabolism; mitochondria and uncoupling (1)
- MetFlex01 Did you over eat yourself in to obesity or T2DM? (1)
- MetFlex02 Insulin resistant and slim. How slim? (1)
- MetFlex03 Adipocyte insulin resistance (1)
- Metflex04 The Adipostat balloon (1)
- Metflex05 Metabolic flexibility and the identical twins (1)
- Metform (11) metformin vs mtG3Pdh knockout (1)
- Metformin (01) Insulin (1)
- Metformin (02) The dose makes the poison (1)
- Metformin (03) In-vivo experiments require non-lethal dose rates! (1)
- Metformin (04) Pre and Post Prandial (1)
- Metformin (05) insulin resistance (1)
- Metformin (06) Insulin-induced insulin resistance is real (1)
- Metformin (07) Glargine 50iu/kg causes diabetes (1)
- Metformin (08) Insulin and AMPK (1)
- Metformin (09) Islets (1)
- Metformin (10) Macavity (1)
- Metformin (11) a SHORT paradox (1)
- Metformin (12) You don't need to be SHORT (1)
- Metformin (13) PowerPoint doodles (1)
- Metformin (14) Normals (1)
- Metformin (15) ROS (1)
- Metformin (16) The Shulman LaMoia review (1)
- Methylglyoxal on Atkins... Uh oh (1)
- MGmin-LDL (1)
- Mice and breast cancer (1)
- Mid Winter break (1)
- Mitochondria in cancer cells (1)
- Modelling energy intake (2): Corn oil (1)
- Modelling energy intake (3): empagliflozin (1)
- Modelling energy intake: Canagliflozin (1)
- Mongongo nuts (1)
- More covid chit chat (1)
- More fighting talk (1)
- More musing about vaccines (1)
- More of the 17% solution (1)
- More time wasted on vaccines (1)
- More yawns on insulin and knockout mice (1)
- Mortality and cholesterol (1)
- Multiple Sclerosis and Hydrogen (1)
- Multiple Sclerosis and Optic Neuritis (1)
- Musing about linoleic acid (1)
- NAFLD model based on fish oil (1)
- Naked mole-rats (1)
- NASH on a ketogenic diet (1)
- Neuron fuel and function (1)
- Never forget never forgive (1)
- Niacin and adrenochrome (1)
- Niacin and beta hydroxybutyrate (1)
- Nicotine on the move (1)
- Nighttime Eaters have an elevated RQ on a given macro ratio diet. They're getting fat (1)
- Nissen on Niaspan (1)
- Normoglycaemia independent of insulin? (1)
- Not really about swimming underwater (1)
- Not really much about swimming underwater (2) (1)
- Nourish Balance Thrive Podcast (1)
- Obesity and diabetes (1) (1)
- Obesity and diabetes (2) Basal lipolysis and weight gain (1)
- Obesity and diabetes (3) Acipimox (1)
- Obesogens (1)
- Of mice and men (1)
- Of mice and men (2) In the brain (1)
- Of mice and men (3) Sucrose (1)
- Omega 3s and g-protein coupled receptors (1)
- On belief structures in lipidology (1) (1)
- On belief structures in lipidology (2) KODA-CP (1)
- On drinking varnish (1)
- On GLUT5 (1)
- On phosphorylating AKT and visceral fat (1)
- On phosphorylating AKT in GHrKO Laron mice (1)
- On phosphorylating AKT in visceral adipocytes under starvation (1)
- On phosphorylating AKT: Interleukin-6 and a tale of two (or three) studies (1)
- On phosphorylating AKT: the penultimate half post (1)
- On phosphorylation of AKT in real (1)
- On Stephen Phinney and an RQ of 0.62 (1)
- On the plus side for fish (oils?) (1)
- Oops (1)
- Ossabaw pigs (1)
- Overfeeding humans: Jebb (1)
- Paignton Zoo (1)
- Paleo and fructose (1)
- Palmitic acid and hyperglycaemia in diabetic heart failure (1) (1)
- Palmitic acid based food vs olive oil or corn oil supplements (1)
- Palmitic acid: the horror never ends (1)
- Palmitic acid: the horror never ends addendum (1)
- Palmitic acid: the horror never ends speculation (1)
- Paradox: Obesity and heart failure (1)
- Paradoxes (1)
- Parkinson's disease (1)
- Pasta for weight loss (1)
- PCOS and LC; is pregnancy a side effect? (1)
- PCSK9 inhibitors and upper limb amputations (1)
- Pellagra and SMON (1)
- Personal update 2019 (1)
- Personalised nutrition: Eat fat (1)
- Pesky PSCK9 inhibitors (1)
- Pesky PSCK9 inhibitors (2) (1)
- Peter eats vegetables (1)
- Pfi$rael? (1)
- PharmAmorin (1)
- Physiological insulin resistance (1) (1)
- Physiological insulin resistance (2); Dawn Phenomenon (1)
- Physiological insulin resistance (3); Clarification of FBG (1)
- Physiological insulin resistance (4); Alzheimers (1)
- Physiological insulin resistance (5) The wild type mice (1)
- Physiological insulin resistance (6) The Terminator (1)
- Physiological insulin resistance (7) and palmitic acid again (1)
- Physiological insulin resistance (8) Chewing the FAT (1)
- Physiological insulin resistance (9) Dolphins (1)
- Physiological insulin restisance (8) Guess what? (1)
- Playing with salt and water (1)
- Podcast with Dr Paul Saladino (1)
- Podcast with Dr Paul Saladino (2) (1)
- Polycystic Kidney Disease and mTOR (1)
- Polyp Prevention Trial and homocysteine (1)
- Potatoes and weight loss (1) (1)
- PPT and unreported side effects (1)
- Prize for worst misuse of a statin (1)
- Prof Sunetra Gupta (1)
- Prof Yudkin on ascorbate (1)
- Professor John Yudkin and Dr Ancel Keys (1)
- Prokaryotic Microbes with Eukaryote-like Genes Found (1)
- PROSPER and Q10 (1)
- Prostate cancer and citrate and maybe omega 3s (1)
- Prostate cancer paradox (1)
- Protein catabolism should generate an RQ of around 0.8 (1)
- Protons (01): Where's the pump? (1)
- Protons (02): Where's the bias? (1)
- Protons (03): Superoxide (1)
- Protons (04): 25mmol/l (1)
- Protons (05): Fasting (1)
- Protons (06): Metformin (1)
- Protons (07): Lactate (1)
- Protons (08): FADH2:NADH ratios and MUFA (1)
- Protons (09): Palmitoleate (1)
- Protons (10): SCD1 knockout mice (1)
- Protons (11): Linoleic acid in the hypothalamus (1)
- Protons (12): The pancreas (1)
- Protons (13): Zero fat (1)
- Protons (14): Love your superoxide (1)
- Protons (15): SCD1 and the bomb (1)
- Protons (16): Physiological insulin resistance (1)
- Protons (17): Physiological insulin resistance addendum (1)
- Protons (18): Physiological insulin resistance addendum 2 (1)
- Protons (19): The linoleic acid fed mice (1)
- Protons (20): Where is FeS cluster N-1a? (1)
- Protons (21): TFAM and behenic acid (1)
- Protons (22): Back to N-1a and a nice quote (1)
- Protons (23): NAD plus to NADH some more (1)
- Protons (24): Meet the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle (1)
- Protons (25): Aside to T cells (1)
- Protons (26) Chowdhury and Crabtree play with mitochondria (1)
- Protons (27) Physiological insulin resistance again (1)
- Protons (28) Protons so far (1)
- Protons (29) Uncoupling with fatty acids (1)
- Protons (30) Uncoupling and metabolic rate in insulin resistance (1)
- Protons (31) insulin induced theromgenesis in the Pima (1)
- Protons (32) Post obese insulin induced thermogenesis (1)
- Protons (33) The mtG3Pdh knockout mice (1)
- Protons (34) Rotenone (1)
- Protons (35) TFAM-KO revisited (1)
- Protons (36) Glycolysis to lactate (1)
- Protons (37) full glycerophosphate shuttle knockout mice (1)
- Protons (38) and ultra low fat once more (1)
- Protons (39) mtG3Pdh and lactate vs pyruvate (1)
- Protons (40) Living without the glycerophosphate shuttle (1)
- Protons (41) Metformin in the liver (1)
- Protons (42) Metformin as the next epilepsy drug? (1)
- Protons (43) Metformin in muscle (1)
- Protons (44) Does fatty acid oxidation drive reverse electron transport and superoxide generation at complex I? (1)
- Protons (45) Obesity and diabetes (1)
- Protons (46) The destruction of complex I (1)
- Protons (47) More from Dr Speijer (1)
- Protons (48) More on insulin and the glycerophosphate shuttle (1)
- Protons (49) Complex III (1)
- Protons (50) The video (1)
- Protons (51) From peripheral cells to the brain (1)
- Protons (52): A correction and a few thoughts on satiety (1)
- Protons (53) a formula (1)
- Protons (53) a formula revised (1)
- Protons (54) The miracle of fish oil (1)
- Protons (55) The miracle of fish oil (2) (1)
- Protons (56) The miracle of fish oil (3) (1)
- Protons (59) The NDI1 guys and gals are good (1)
- Protons (60) 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (1)
- Protons (61) The miracle of fish oil (4) (1)
- Protons (62) The miracle of fish oil (5) (1)
- Protons (63) 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (2) (1)
- Protons (64) The miracle of fish oil (6) (1)
- Protons (65): Fatty acids vs glucose and ROS generation (1)
- Protons (66) a formula revised (1)
- Protons (67) a formula revised for butter oil (1)
- Protons (68) Pathological ROS (1) (1)
- Protons (69) BAM15 (1)
- Protons (70) Uncoupling does suppress insulin signalling (1)
- Protons (71) Rats: 13% LA vs 61% (mostly) LA by infusion (1)
- Protons (72) Humans: 8% LA vs 74% LA by sustained oral ingestion (1)
- Protons (73) Spanish vs Canadian studies or 3% LA vs 10.3% LA (1)
- Protons (74) Arne Astrup and the formerly obese (1)
- Protons (75) Tucker; Speakman; Astrup and linoleic acid. And insulin sensitivity (1)
- Protons (76) Those D12492 fed mice (Speakman and Tucker again) (1)
- Protons (77) Shulman PUFA and insulin sensitisation. Or not. Or so. (1)
- PUFA table (1)
- Pyramids and arthritis (1)
- Queen Hatshepsut (1)
- Random musings on uncoupling (1) (1)
- Random musings on uncoupling (2) revised (1)
- Random musings on uncoupling (3) oxygen consumption (1)
- Random musings on uncoupling (4) coconut (1)
- Random musings on uncoupling (5) Vintage 2-4 dinitrophenol (1)
- Random musings on uncoupling (6) Nouveaux DNP (1)
- Random musings on uncoupling (7) DNP and metformin (1)
- Rapeseed oil for weight loss (1): Norwitz vs Goodrich (eventually; scroll down if bored by the very long Protons preamble) (1)
- Rapeseed oil for weight loss (2) and butter for obesity round one (1)
- Rapeseed oil for weight loss (3) Canola oil vs butter round two (1)
- Rapeseed oil for weight loss (4): Hypocaloric satiety (1)
- Ratty at a year (1)
- Renal stones and the OD (1)
- Rheumatoid arthritis and fasting (1)
- Rheumatoid arthritis and kidney stones (1)
- Rho zero cells (1)
- Rimonabant and adipocytes (1)
- Rimonabant and hemopressin (1)
- Rory Robertson and Protein Restricted Longevity (1)
- ROS (01) Insulins are ubiquitous in eukaryotes (1)
- Rosuvastatin and insulin sensitivity (1)
- Saatchi on the OD? (1)
- Sabbatical (1)
- SAD vs Traditional Japanese diet (1)
- SAD vs Traditional Japanese diet (2) (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 loves linoleic acid (1)
- Saturated fat and fatty liver. Payday in Colorado (1)
- Saturated fat and fatty liver. Payday in Sweden. (1)
- Saturated fat and sdLDL? (1)
- Saturated fat and the FSA (1)
- Saturated fat meta analysis: Krauss (1)
- Saturated fats vs PUFA in a 5 day human ketosis trial (1)
- Seasonality (1)
- Selenium induced glutathione peroxidase generation (1)
- Selling fiber and bacteria (1)
- Shazia and Dr Clifton (1)
- Shewanella and electrons (1)
- Should we abandon the carbohydrate hypothesis of obesity? (1)
- Skirting around leptin (1)
- Slim mice which don't fart (1)
- So you want some DHA? (1)
- So you want some DHA? Chickens in Norway (1)
- Some of us eat a high fat diet (1)
- Spawn of Satan in the gym (1)
- Speculation on the effect of subcutaneous adipocytes implanted in to the mesentery of mice (1)
- Starchy stable isotopes? I don't think so! (1)
- Starvation and cancer growth: Sauer vs Lisanti (1)
- Statin plus fibrate sucks (1)
- Statin stupidity again (1)
- Statins CoQ and diabetes (1)
- Stearate (1)
- Stearic acid again (1)
- Stearic acid; FADH2; complex I and cancer (1)
- Stearic acid: Skinny-skinny vs skinny-fat (1)
- Stone Agers in the Fast Lane? (1)
- Succinate doesn't drive reverse electron transport. Maybe. (1)
- Sucrose in pregnancy (1)
- Sugar is addictive (1)
- Sugar on your coconut oil? (1)
- Sugar poisoning (1)
- Surwit and sucrose or when is a high sucrose diet a high fat diet? (1)
- Surwit diet and derivatives (1)
- Surwit diet and derivatives (2) It's the insulin (1)
- Surwit diet and derivatives (3) 5LJ5 vs D12330: Chow vs Surwit (1)
- Surwit diet and derivatives (4) (1)
- Surwit diet and derivatives (5) People and mice (1)
- Sweden and diabetes again: Salty beer in Kiwiland (1)
- Sweden's dietitian advice? No thank you. (1)
- Swedish children; dietary sins (1)
- Swedish children; dietary sins (2) (1)
- Systemic fructose is important (1)
- TCA rap (1)
- That poor old C57Bl/6 mouse (1)
- The P479L gene for CPT-1a and fatty acid oxidation (1)
- The 14.4% solution (1)
- The anacetrapib giggle (1)
- The Crabtree Effect and superoxide in diabetes (1)
- The degradation of mitochondrial research (1)
- The ginger paradox (2) (1)
- The ginger paradox (3) (1)
- The ginger paradox (5) and some speculation (1)
- The ginger paradox (6) Reward (1)
- The internet is a strange place (1)
- The internet is a strange place (2) (1)
- The lost 300 (1)
- The miracle of fish oil (4) Adipocere (1)
- The miracle of safflower oil (1)
- The miracle of safflower oil (2) (1)
- The miracle of safflower oil (3) (1)
- The miracle of safflower oil (4) Soybean oil is just as good (1)
- The paradoxical fat mice (1) (1)
- The paradoxical fat mice (2) (1)
- The pathology of evolution (1)
- The sweet taste of DMEM (1)
- The thumb tack hypothesis (1)
- The Wall is coming down (1)
- Thinking about things (1)
- Thoughts on problems with high fat diets (1)
- Thyroid and LC (1)
- To the gym? (1)
- Tom Naughton's FSA post (1)
- Total Cholesterol and major cardiovascular events (1)
- Total Perspective Vortex and vegicide (1)
- Trans fats vs linoleic acid (1)
- Transformer p245 and onwards: glutathione (1)
- Tucker on omega six PUFA (1)
- TV Pantomine or the Oxford study (1)
- Tweaks are ubiquitous (1)
- Two rat experiment (1)
- Ultra processed food (1)
- Ultra processed food (2) Haub vs Hall (1)
- Unclean (1)
- Uncoupling and weight loss (1)
- Uncoupling control in defence of FFAs (1)
- Uncoupling in a can? (1)
- Urate ascorbate resveratrol and land mines (1)
- Urinary c-peptide (1)
- Vitamin D (1)
- Vitamin D and UV fluctuations (1)
- Vitamin D and UV fluctuations (2) (1)
- Vitamin D supplementation: Bad? (1)
- Vitamin D3 again (1)
- Vitamin D3 supplements (1)
- VMH injuries (1)
- von Gierke's disease (1)
- Want some acid? Bad trip on palmitic... (1)
- Warning: Politics (1)
- We are not alone (1)
- Weight loss when it's hard 1. (1)
- Weight loss when it's hard 2. Diazoxide (1)
- Weight loss when it's hard 4. Coming soon; son of diazoxide (1)
- Weight loss when it's hard 5. Son of diazoxide (1)
- Weight loss when it's not hard 3. Oops (1)
- What do I eat 2013 update (1)
- What do I eat? (1) (1)
- What do I eat? (2) recipes (1)
- What is the secret of time travel doing on Fry's ass? (1)
- Wheat and lactase (2) (1)
- Wheat and lactase and cordain (1)
- Wheat and lactose (1) (1)
- Wheat Germ Agglutinin; how little is enough? (1)
- When is a high carbohydrate diet not a high carbohydrate diet? Ask a vegan? (1)
- When is a high fat diet a high fat diet? When there is no sucrose. (1)
- When is a high fat diet not a high fat diet? (1)
- When is a high fat diet not a high fat diet? Masai (1)
- When is a high fat diet not a high fat diet? Masai part 2 (1)
- When is a high fat diet not a high fat diet? Stuff via Fanatic Cook (1)
- When is a high fat diet not? Bang on time example (1)
- When is a high fat diet not? More of the usual (1)
- When is a high fat diet really a high fat diet? (1)
- When is a ketogenic diet not a ketogenic diet? (1)
- When low fat wins (1)
- Where has the superoxide gone? (1)
- Where is the brain of Rosemary Stanton? (1)
- Where the UK is heading perhaps (1)
- Who gave you pancreatitis? (1)
- Who pays the piper (1)
- Who pays the piper (3) for arterial stiffness? (1)
- Who pays the piper (4) for arterial stiffness? (1)
- Who pays the piper (5) Ignorant or bent? (1)
- Who pays the piper (6) High fat diet drops HDL (1)
- Who pays the piper (7) Other lipids (1)
- Who pays the piper (8) Disturbed earth (1)
- Who pays the piper part 2 (1)
- Why low carbohydrate for diabetes (1)
- Will fasting destroy your mitochondria? (No). (1)
- Will palmitic acid give you cancer or fuel metastasis? (1)
- Women's Health Initiative and heart attacks (1)
- Wooo and the snps (1)
- Worms and Stress: Live long and Prosper (1)
- Would Franklin have taken a statin if they had been available in the 1800s? (1)
- Would you like soya oil poured over your methionine spiked casein? (1)
- Zetia; are things getting better? (1)
26 comments:
Hi Peter,
If one is lean but has autoimmune issues, would carbs also be a no-go for them? Or is it only related to obese/not obese.
And secondly, I was wondering if you've looked into Grant Genereux's theory of Vitamin A toxicity that's been gaining some traction. I have Undif. connective tissue disease and skin problems and am torn between keto/carnivory and cutting out Vitamin A. This has been the most scary period of my life.
Thank you so much,
Dave
Hi Dave,
People have mentioned vit A toxicity in comments but I've not had the time to chase it, so no opinion on that one.
Overall my feeling is that auto immune diseases are primarily (but not always) gut related.
Given the slow option of vit A depletion (I'm assuming that this is a long term project) vs the almost immediate anti inflammatory effect of ketosis (NRPL3 inflammasome etc) the latter seems an easy option. Also assuming the easiest route for plants to assist their seeds through the gut of an animal is to do just enough damage to speed transit w/o killing the transport animal. That gut damage seems a good way for allowing the immune system to "see" the intestinal contents, which are foreign. Plants really do hate you. All you need is an antibody to a gut antigen to cross react with collagen and you have a collagen autoimmune disease. Leucocytes with the HLAB27 receptor "see" the pullulonase enzyme produced by klebsiella in the gut. The antibody to pullulonase cross reacts with a subtype of collagen in your spine. We call that auto immune disease ankylosing spondylitis...
Peter
Thanks so much for the response.
I'm going to go keto, maybe almost carnivore, but considering keeping some plants if possible. Casein is likely out, as is starch, but maybe I can get away with some berries, eggs, butter even. Maybe a few non-nightshade vegetables. Not sure.
Things like dark chocolate and coffee just intuitively seem harder on the gut than berries and veggies like cucumber, but that's pure laymen's observation, and not science obviously.
Dave said, "Things like dark chocolate and coffee just intuitively seem harder on the gut than berries and veggies like cucumber..."
Hi, Dave. I realize you qualified the statement (and I'm also layman here), but I'm curious; why "intuitively"?
My experience was that my gut improved when I stopped eating so many leaves, and the later addition of dark chocolate didn't seem to have the same modest laxative effect.
Bob,
I don't really have a great rationale. Chocolate is pretty bitter and hard, whereas leaves are soft, but again this is no reason for one over the other. Wheat is soft and fluffy but wreaks havoc. Leaves aren't really food though.
@davemoriarty, yes carnivere diet is the way to go for somebody who has an autoimmune condition regardless of one's weight. Dr. Csaba Tott (PKD) insists on eating organs while eating diet based mostly on animal fat and meat
As an allergic I can tell that chocolate and even most berries are no go - especially strawberries and raspberries, you can eat eggs but after 3-6 weeks of carnivore and a gut recovery
Hi Peter,
Whats your opinion on CoQ 10 supplements?
First question, do they really increase CoQ levels in mitochondria, and 2nd if they do, wouldn't an increase in CoQ in the mitos prevent ROS production, aka cause pathological insulin sensitivity and thus far gain?
Hi Basti,
I think what goes in to your mitochondria is very, very tightly controlled. If you are depleted of CoQ by blocking the synthesis pathway with a statin then I guess the mitochondria might be very glad to accept a new supply. If replete perhaps less so. It will be very tightly controlled.
There is at least one mitochondrial targeted antioxidant, SkQ1 developed by Skulachev's group, which delays ageing in all species tested, up to mice. There are no weights reported but if you look at
http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v73/pdf/bcm_1329.pdf
the final image at Fig 13 is of two aged mice, one on SkQ1, and it is neither obese nor old at 600-odd days. You have to bear in mind that while ROS undoubtedly control insulin signalling they also control the production of superoxide dismutase and catalase. I suspect this might be where the benefits of high saturated fat diet derived ROS might come from. Coupled with normal adipocyte physiology of course.
Peter
Hi Peter,
a bit of topic (but maybe not really). I have a question regarding life and cancer.
My thinking has come to where I consider early life to be something like a concentrated, fast flowing current of molecules and energy. Self sustaining and self correcting patterns emerge over time and populate the land of possible biochemistry. The main difference between single celled organisms and multi celled organisms then seems to be the emergence of a tight control of energy throughput which allows for cooperation instead of competition. I envision it something like a dam, holding back and regulating the entry of available energy into individual cells as needed. Your proton-thread seems to spell out the the biochemical heart of the matter.
In the case of cancer this regulation system and therefore the basis of what is in effect non-proliferation for the benefit of others and ultimately the same cell since it still depends on the other cells seems to have broken down. Like water rushing through a broken dam, energy throughput is no longer restrained with all the proliferative consequences this brings with it.
I would like to hear your thoughts on the validity of this thinking.
Thank you,
Marius
Hi Peter, i dont quite understand what seems to be a key part in the protons concept:
why is it fat tissue which is preferentially targeted by insulin resistance created by sat FA? There are cells of way faster metabolism that burn through way more fat (eg the heart) and thus should become IR sooner.. in fact i would say almost all lean tissue burn more fat than adipocytes do..
The theory goes, that adipocytes become IR first so you dont lose kcal into adipocytes thus more are remaining for the lean tissue to feast on it... right?..
But wouldnt you expect the opposite to be true? The cells burning the most fat, aka the lean tissue becoming IR first thus reducing their uptake of energy leaving more for the adipocytes..?
Whats my mistake in logic here?
Im confused
i just finished listening to the podcast and found something kind of confusing:
First you explain that inhibition of mtG3Pdh DECREASES insulin signaling and for example you explain why this might also be the reason metformin can be used for cancer.
But then you show that mtG3Pdh knockout mice (which is basically total inhibition) die of hypoglycemia because they are not able to generate insulin resistance. Thus, this shows that mtG3Pdh inhibition has INCREASED insulin signaling!! (due to the inability to generate IR).
The same was shown in the other study with the rodents on metforming. Those on metformin had lowered blood glucose after insulin injection... again, you explained, due to the inability to generate insulin resistance (aka INCREASED insulin signaling)
So now i am confused .. what does inhibition of mtG3Pdh do? Increase or decrease insulin signaling?
HI Johannes,
Not sure quite where to add this in, it occurred to me later: fatal hypoglycaemia with metformin is a serious risk when using exogenous injected insulin (or oral sulpha drugs). Endogenous insulin is reduced by both reduced pancreatic secretion and also reduced secondary to lower hepatic glucose output. Interestingly metformin has almost zero or actual zero effect on the blood glucose levels of non-insulin resistant individuals. The combination of actions appears to target pathological insulin resistance. Anyway, here’s this mornings initial thoughts:
Metformin is a very tricky drug. I consider it to reduce the peak generation of ROS which are produced secondary to insulin’s activation of the PDH complex which activates the glycerophosphate shuttle. That ought to allow more insulin signalling and more fat storage, much as the PUFA do.
Metformin also shares the ability to suppress the output of insulin from the pancreas (which is ROS facilitated), also a feature shared with PUFA. Which ought to produce hyperglycaemia.
But this is offset by a direct reduction in glucose output from the liver due to decreased gluconeogenesis from glycerol and lactate. This is not ROS dependent, merely driven by the redox status change of the hepatocytes due to blunted mtG-3Pdh action. This is not a feature of PUFA.
So metformin combines a failure to develop insulin resistance under the peak insulin conditions (the fed RER stays high in humans), at peak exposure time, with a decreased absolute supply of insulin per se. The lack of increased glucose output reduces the requirement for an increase in insulin secretion. Overall cells experience less insulin signalling exposure, much as the partial insulin gene knockout mice from Jim Johnsons lab.
Under fasting conditions reducing insulin signalling via blockade of the glycerophosphate shuttle facilitates fatty acid release from triglycerides and lowers the fasting RER. It doesn’t matter if the triglycerides come from within muscle cells or adipocytes, the RER drops.
While metformin is debatable as a performance enhancing drug in people, in rodents with knockout of either cytoplasmic or mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase there is enhanced endurance exercise ability. In humans under metformin there is reported some enhancement of pushbike sprinting ability under acute exposure but clearly sprinting requires glycolysis to lactate, not insulin signalling. Lack of a clear cut performance enhancement under chronic metformin tends to push me towards accepting that really might be some mild blockade of complex I under clinical dose rate exposure. Maybe.
Peter
Hi Luke,
Under fat oxidation all tissues become insulin resistant and saturated fat produces this effect to a greater extent than PUFA. Whole body, but not necessarily adipocytes. Adipocytes do become pathologically insulin resistant per se, ignoring fatty acid exposure, but that's a whole other post about a paper I have lying around.
However, what happens in adipocytes normally and what happens in the rest of the body is not simple. If you go to here:
https://high-fat-nutrition.blogspot.com/2017/02/protons-obesity-and-diabetes.html
and some more relevant stuff here
https://high-fat-nutrition.blogspot.com/2011/10/adipostat-ballon.html
you should get the idea.
The differential even applies even under ketogenic conditions where calories are artificially adjusted to maintain an unchanged bodyweight (though this may well not be what would occur in real life). Once you start to adjust calorie intake to manipulate bodyweight/fat mass (even if that means forcing no change) you are immediately out of the signalling processes which determine long term body weight/composition. But in an experiment you clearly try to control your variables, the two ideas at hard to accommodate in experimental design. I found this paper interesting along those lines.
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/89/4/1641/2844241
Notice insulin is higher in the saturated fat period. But you have to ask what is happening signalling-wise. More difficult to answer that one.
As a slight aside, measuring insulin sensitivity is a nightmare. If you go to the gold standard of a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp, obviously the insulin/glucose administration will, within minutes, profoundly affect the lipid oxidation status of your (perhaps previously ketogenic) subject(s). And measuring insulin signalling status in the peak absorptive phase, after a meal, looks to be clinically impracticable. That would need you to be looking at activation of signalling pathways well down stream of insulin receptor activation...
Peter
Hi Marius
Well, all life seems to be a dissipative phenomenon. Energy flow is undoubtedly core. And undoubtedly cancer can be viewed as a failure to regulate energy dissipation... It always amazes me that this dissipative structure can be frozen but will restore itself on thawing. I guess the energy gradients are still there, preserved.
Peter
I posted the below question on YouTube comments, but think this is a better place to post!
####
Still wrapping my head around this all, after listening to multiple podcasts! I had a question, that might tie more things together for me.
Does blood glucose levels, or glycogen/ATP levels give people the "feeling" of energy? I would initially think someone with insulin resistance, who has elevated glucose levels/spikes, would have a rush of energy and therefore burn more through Neat (Non-exercise activity thermogenesis). But in reality, do they not actually feel the excess energy because of insulin resistance in their muscle cells? Their glycogen / ATP aren't being topped of properly because of latent palmitic acid in the blood stream which makes them feel tired and unmotivated to move?
Whoa now, that's a very complex question!
First, given ad lib food access LA causes pathological insulin sensitivity to sequester calories in to adipocytes. So energy is lost and hunger rises (or satiety is delayed while eating) and adipocytes expand. This is an energy DEFICIT situation and insulin, glucose and fatty acids are low, except more calories are eaten to make up for this deficit, ie you make yourself functional by eating to compensate for the loss in to the fat. Energy levels stay normal-ish.
Insulin resistance is a whole other kettle of fish. Here there is a failure to keep fatty acids within over distended adipocytes. They leak in to the bloodstream and provide EXCESS calories. There is a need to shut down caloric ingress in to cells because the cells have lots of fuel supply. Palmitic acid is an excellent, superb, almost infinite fuel supply, IF you have mitochondria.
Obese people are strong. They may have trouble running etc in the same way as I would have if, being a 63ish kilo person, I was to run/climb while carrying 140kg of lead in a backpack, to be on a par with a 200kg person. But, I agree, they do seem to find running/climbing hard.
Perceived energy availability and the willingness to run etc are even harder to pin down that satiety/hunger. How much is mitochondrial loss through over riding the normal insulin resistance by eating carbohydrate to pathological hyperglycaemia, leading to pathological ROS generation and mitochondrial destruction, is a fascinating rabbit hole. Part of ketoadaptation might well be the time needed to replace those lost mitochondria...
Fascinating thought train.
Peter
Thanks Peter,
Your answer (though not exactly what I was trying to ask) I think helped me reframe your theory in my head.
I was thinking of consumption of LA as a one time event, that the body will eventually find a way to achieve homeostasis through the leakage of excess energy to other tissue. But I really should be looking at a persons diet as a semi-consistent stream which has signaling properties along with the mass flow rate. I went to school for engineering so what you and fireinabottle talk about bring me back to my not-so-found Thermodynamics classes, and the laws of conservation of energy!
I think it is fairly accepted to say that the body is always counter balancing short term and long term survive-ability; and our modern food production and refining of food, has tilted things too far towards fat storage because of cheaper and easier calories. But, your ROS theory really explains why the general public is fighting a uphill battle when eating a standard western diet that screams to their body "times are tough, get fat".
Hmmm, I would still view it in reverse. A modern diet shunts consumed calories in to adipocytes. Those calories are no longer available. You simply have to eat extra because, by getting fat, you are functionally hypocaloric. Your brain looks at what is in the arterial blood, what leptin tells it and probably has neural input from all cells, hepatocytes and adipocytes included. But if the blood supply to the hypothalamus is hypocaloric this will over ride all other markers of energy status.
If you designed a drug which removed calories from the blood and sequestered them in adipocytes while having absolutely no flavour at all, it would make you fat. You would have to over eat to account for the lost calories.
The drug is linoleic acid.
Peter
Makes sense, that's my understanding too but maybe I'm just not communicating it as concisely as you!
Thankful for you sharing, I've been incorporating your concepts into me and my growing families' diets. Switched from pork to beef bacon, to omega3 eggs and reducing our total amount. Still not sure what to do about our occasional seafood consumption (fresh/smoked salmon, canned tuna/sardines, sashimi, and shrimp). I'll eat anything for health, but I gotta make things tasty and provide variety for my breastfeeding wife and my two year old.
Peter: "The drug is linoleic acid."
You've written about fructose in various ways --- I don't want to go the full Lustig but I have a strong feeling that it has a similar drug-like effect to LA. I consume minimal LA but still find that I gain weight easily if I eat much fruit or sucrose.
Pass, fructose is very, very interesting. It seems quite possible that the fructose:uric acid system might be deliberately designed to cause weight gain, as reviewed here
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31621967/
Obviously weight gain is a marked survival advantage if you are heading in to drought or winter. Twiggy wouldn't have lasted long if the cariboo migration was delayed for a month for some reason and the dried meat was running low. Bit temperocentric, as always but...
Peter
Twiggy, could eat twigs?
Hard to explain Twiggy to younger people.
Thanks for the link to that paper. That's amazing. It ties up a whole lot of loose ends for me.
It's Apricot season here atm and we have a tree covered in the damn things which is hard to walk past without sampling. That's very sweet neolithic fare and apricots also have the highest levels of sorbitol IRC.
Peter/Pass,
What is your take on dextrose syrups/powders? I have been bouncing around between using brown rice syrup or raw honey as a dessert. They obviously aren't health foods, but a few spoonfuls of raw honey helped break my ice cream/dairy cravings. (Big deal for me since it seems dairy protein causes an inflammatory response in my joints).
My current scheme is using a little rice syrup, which is all glucose and probably has a ridiculously high glycemic index (GI), during the day, especially if I plan to exercise. And if I crave sugar at night, I'll eat some raw honey, since I assume my liver will burn the glycogen/visceral fat by the time I eat my breakfast.
Is the brown rice syrup's high GI going to have any detrimental long term affects? Or is it no different than eating a serving of white rice, which I have with many of my meals.
Too many unknowns really. Sucrose in lab diets for rodents doesn't seem to be a problem provided the LA content is kept low...
Peter
Post a Comment